With continuous innovation in battery architecture, manufacturing, and equipment, ProLogium has achieved 100% all-ceramic separators (2013), all-silicon anodes (2024), and all-inorganic electrolytes (2025). This breakthrough redefines lithium battery technology first introduced in the 1980s-1990s. With the final piece in place, ProLogium is targeting mass production of its latest generation by late 2025, delivering cutting-edge solutions for EVs, mobility, robotics, and AI energy storage.

Outline

• Challenges Facing the Current EV Industry

1. Slowing sales growth
2. Concerns about battery electric vehicles (BEVs)

• Vision for the EV Battery Industry

1. Urgent need to improve mainstream lithium battery technologies (NCM & LFP)
2. Addressing range anxiety while balancing cost in EV design

• Core Battery Design Requirements in the EV Industry

1. Addressing range anxiety: Enhancing charging capability, convenience, and industry sustainability
2. Improving efficiency in extreme conditions: Battery performance in cold weather and at high speeds
3. Reducing total cost of ownership: Initial purchase price and residual value of used EVs
4. Ensuring a sustainable EV ecosystem: Prioritizing the interests of all industry stakeholders

• Key to the Sustainable EV Growth: Innovation with Scalable Mass Production 
• How Next-Generation Batteries Drive Industry Innovation

1. Understanding next-generation battery technologies
2. Traditional lithium-ion vs. next-generation batteries: Separator advancements
3. Traditional lithium-ion vs. next-generation batteries: Electrolyte innovations

• Technological Progress and Cost Challenges of Next-Generation Batteries

1. Developing the ultimate next-generation battery system: ProLogium’s Lithium Ceramic Battery – Technology Insights
2. Achieving cost efficiency in next-generation battery systems: ProLogium’s Fourth-Generation Lithium Ceramic Battery – Cost Analysis

Challenges Facing the Current EV Industry

1.Slowing sales growth

While EV sales face headwinds, market confidence remains strong. A 2024 McKinsey report found that 80% of European consumers are interested in purchasing an EV. However, early 2024 saw a significant slowdown in global EV sales, particularly in the US and Europe, where growth fell short of expectations.

This brings battery technology into the spotlight. As the heart of EVs, batteries are not only the most critical component but also the most expensive. Despite major advancements in energy density, charging speed, and cost control over the past decade, is the technology mature enough to sustain healthy industry growth?

Beyond technology, five key players—battery manufacturers, automakers, aftermarket service providers, charging operators, and consumers—must work together to drive mass EV adoption. Addressing consumer concerns, particularly range anxiety and charging convenience, is crucial.

The reality is clear: while the EV market is expanding, winning over a broader consumer base remains a challenge. The key lies in enabling a seamless transition for internal combustion engine (ICE) users, ensuring EVs retain the advantages and convenience that ICE vehicles offer.

2.Concerns about battery electric vehicles (BEVs)

According to an August 2024 McKinsey report, the biggest challenge for EV adoption lies in the transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. These concerns go beyond perception—they directly impact market acceptance and growth. A closer look at battery technology’s role in this shift is essential.

Based on survey data, three major barriers stand out:

1.Total Cost of Ownership

• High upfront purchase price 
• Uncertain resale value of used EVs 
• Battery recycling costs 

2.Range Anxiety

• Real-world driving range across various conditions 
• Accessibility and convenience of charging infrastructure

3.Safety Concerns

• Unpredictability of thermal runaway 
• Lack of effective fire suppression solutions

These challenges hinder consumer confidence in making the switch to EVs. To accelerate adoption, next-generation battery technology must address cost, range, and safety concerns simultaneously.

Next, I’ll explore current battery technologies and module designs, comparing ICE-based and EV-driven solutions. From cell architecture to module innovations, we’ll examine how future battery advancements can better meet consumer needs and pave the way for mass EV adoption.

Vision for the EV Battery Industry

1.Urgent need to improve mainstream lithium battery technologies (NCM & LFP)

Today’s EV market is dominated by two major battery technologies: NCM (Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese) batteries and LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries. While each has its advantages, both face significant challenges in energy density, safety, and evolving market demands, highlighting the urgent need for further advancements.

LFP Batteries: Strengths and Challenges

LFP batteries gained early market dominance due to low cost and high safety performance. However, their lower energy density remains a major limitation. As consumer expectations for longer range increased, LFP’s market share declined to 25–30% between 2010 and 2019, failing to keep up with demand for higher-performance batteries.

NCM Batteries: Growth and Safety Concerns

NCM batteries, with higher energy density and ongoing technical advancements, have captured over 65% of the market since 2019. However, a series of high-nickel NCM battery fires in 2020 raised concerns over safety and slowed industry adoption. Despite improvements in module technology, fundamental safety risks remain unresolved.

Technical Limitations and Market Shifts

Between 2019 and 2024, the energy density of NCM batteries grew at an annual rate of just 2.7–3.2%. Meanwhile, LFP batteries relied on Cell-to-Pack (CTP) design to improve pack-level energy density. However, due to higher weight, LFP batteries remain less energy-efficient than NCM.

In China, the end of EV subsidies in 2022 triggered a resurgence of LFP batteries due to their cost advantage, pushing their market share beyond 65% in 2024. However, the LFP+CTP approach has led to lower resale values for used EVs, negatively impacting market demand and consumer purchasing decisions.

Future Outlook

Neither LFP nor NCM batteries fully address consumer needs in cost, range, and safety. To drive sustainable EV adoption, the industry must overcome current technological bottlenecks and develop next-generation battery solutions. Only with true breakthroughs can the EV sector achieve long-term growth and usher in a smarter, greener future of mobility.

2.Addressing range anxiety while balancing cost in EV design

One of the biggest challenges in EV development is striking a balance between upfront cost and driving range. As the market expands, the industry must find ways to control costs without compromising range. Interestingly, solutions to this challenge may lie in internal combustion engine (ICE) design principles.

To better understand this issue, we can evaluate current EV and battery technologies against two key objectives inspired by ICE vehicles:

1.Reducing Range Anxiety

• Charging infrastructure coverage and accessibility are crucial. Expanding charging networks will enhance long-distance travel convenience and improve consumer confidence.
• EVs must deliver real-world driving ranges that align more closely with expectations, ensuring range is no longer a major decision barrier.

2.Balancing Range and Upfront Cost

• While mitigating range anxiety, EV pricing must also remain competitive. Narrowing the cost and driving experience gap between EVs and ICE vehicles is essential for broader adoption.
• Optimizing battery design and technology can enhance EVs’ environmental advantages while keeping initial costs within consumer expectations, offsetting range limitations and improving overall satisfaction.

As these challenges are gradually addressed, EVs are poised for a second wave of growth, ultimately becoming the preferred mobility choice. The seamless integration of technological innovation and market adaptability will be the key driver in accelerating mass EV adoption.

Core Battery Design Requirements in the EV Industry

1.Addressing range anxiety: Enhancing charging capability, convenience, and industry sustainability

Looking back at decades of automotive evolution, ICE vehicles have significantly improved their driving range per refueling, reducing range anxiety for consumers.

From 400 km in 1980 to 650 km in 2020, ICE vehicles have steadily reduced fuel efficiency concerns. Meanwhile, EV drivers continue to struggle with range anxiety, not due to actual range limitations but because of the stark difference in charging vs. refueling convenience.

The Challenge of Charging Convenience

Current lithium battery technology still cannot achieve true ultra-fast charging. While today’s systems can charge 60–80% in 25–40 minutes, charging station profitability issues hinder investment and infrastructure expansion, slowing widespread adoption.

To truly eliminate range anxiety, the industry must develop batteries capable of recharging 60–80% in just 5–8 minutes. This would not only enhance user experience but also encourage more investment in charging networks, ensuring broader accessibility.

Creating a Positive Growth Cycle

For EVs to reach mass adoption, fast charging technology and robust charging infrastructure must work in tandem. The key to success lies in building a sustainable industry ecosystem:

• More charging stations → Greater consumer confidence → Higher EV sales 
• Rising demand → Increased investment in charging infrastructure → Industry-wide improvements 
• A well-developed ecosystem → EVs becoming as mainstream as ICE vehicles

Breaking through fast charging limitations while ensuring charging station profitability will lay the foundation for widespread EV adoption, eliminating range anxiety and ultimately replacing ICE vehicles.

2.Improving efficiency in extreme conditions: Battery performance in cold weather and at high speeds

Range anxiety has long been a major concern for EV consumers, with low temperatures and high-speed driving significantly impacting battery performance and efficiency. Today, I will explore the effects of cold weather on BEV performance, current solutions, and the breakthrough technologies needed to address these challenges.

Impact of Low Temperatures on BEV Performance & Solutions

In cold weather, EV battery electrochemical performance faces major challenges. When temperatures drop to 0°C to -15°C, battery efficiency falls to just 40–65% of its normal capacity. This means that an EV with an ideal 500 km range could see its real-world range shrink to just 200–325 km—or even less.

The most common approach today is using external heating modules to warm the battery pack. However, this method:

• Fails to address the core issue of declining electrochemical efficiency
• Consumes additional energy, reducing overall driving range
• Provides only limited improvements

The Breakthrough Solution: Fully Inorganic Electrolytes

A fundamental breakthrough lies in advancing electrolyte technology. By developing fully inorganic electrolytes, battery performance in extreme cold could see a revolutionary leap forward. Unlike traditional organic electrolytes, fully inorganic electrolytes maintain exceptional ion conductivity even at -20°C or lower, delivering:

• Significantly improved battery efficiency in cold environments
• Up to 90% retention of ideal driving range, compared to 50% losses in conventional batteries
•  Enhanced EV stability and reliability in winter conditions, boosting consumer confidence

The development of fully inorganic electrolyte technology is a game-changer for overcoming low-temperature challenges. Beyond enabling EVs to perform reliably in extreme conditions, this innovation also extends battery lifespan; improves overall EV performance and lays the foundation for widespread EV adoption. With this advancement, EVs will be able to operate efficiently across all climates, offering consumers a more dependable and high-performance driving experience.

Challenges and Solutions for High-Speed EV Driving

High-speed driving presents a major challenge for EVs due to increased energy consumption and heat accumulation.

When driving at high speeds, EVs require high current discharge, which:

• Accelerates energy depletion, reducing driving range
• Leads to excessive heat buildup, forcing cooling systems to work harder
• Creates additional energy losses, making thermal management a key performance bottleneck

To improve BEV efficiency at high speeds, the industry must focus on reducing internal resistance and enhancing heat dissipation.

There are two key solutions. 

• Reducing Internal Resistance for Higher Efficiency

✓ Enhancing ion conductivity with next-generation fully inorganic electrolytes, lowering internal resistance and improving efficiency
✓ Optimizing electrode materials to enhance charge transfer and minimize energy losses

• Advanced Thermal Management for Better Heat Dissipation

✓ Utilizing fully ceramic separators to improve heat dissipation within the battery
✓ Optimizing battery structure, such as increasing surface area, to enhance cooling performance
✓ Expanding heat dissipation surfaces by several times compared to conventional designs, reducing heat buildup and improving overall stability

By combining low-resistance battery technology with advanced thermal management, BEVs can achieve greater efficiency at high speeds, ensuring longer range, improved safety, and enhanced driving performance.

Reducing Range Anxiety & Enhancing the Driving Experience

To overcome the challenges of low temperatures and high-speed driving, EVs must rely on electrolyte innovation, improved heat dissipation, and reduced internal resistance. These advancements will:

• Bring real-world driving range closer to theoretical values
• Enhance stability and predictability in various driving conditions
• Boost consumer confidence by minimizing range anxiety

By combining cutting-edge battery technology with optimized thermal management, EVs can deliver a more reliable, efficient, and seamless driving experience, accelerating mass adoption.

3.Reducing total cost of ownership: Initial purchase price and residual value of used Evs

A key challenge in the EV industry is reducing the total cost of ownership (TCO). Inspired by internal combustion engine (ICE) design principles, EVs should not focus solely on maximizing range per charge but rather address three core needs to enhance market competitiveness: 

• Higher energy density to reduce weight and cost – improving battery performance while minimizing reliance on oversized battery packs.
• Faster charging for significant range gains in minutes – ensuring efficient recharging to provide substantial range boosts within short periods.
• Greater stability in various driving conditions (low temperatures & high speeds) – narrowing the gap between theoretical and real-world driving range, enhancing user confidence.

Case Study: Next-Gen Battery vs. Traditional LFP+CTP

For affordable EV models, next-generation battery technology can replace a conventional 83kWh LFP+CTP pack with a 55kWh next-gen battery, delivering significant advantages:

• Ultra-fast charging – Recharges 270–360 km in just 5–8 minutes, compared to only 50–100 km per charge with traditional lithium batteries.
• Higher energy density – At 360–380 Wh/kg, next-gen batteries exceed LFP by 200% and NCM by 33–40%, significantly reducing battery weight and improving efficiency.
• Superior volumetric energy density – Reaching 810–860 Wh/L, which is 200% higher than LFP and 33–40% higher than NCM. This enables modular battery design, eliminating the need for CTP (Cell-to-Pack) integration. By adopting modular battery designs, EVs can lower maintenance costs with easier repairs and replacements; and increase resale value compared to LFP+CTP systems, as modular batteries offer greater durability and recyclability. 

Not only do next-generation batteries excel in low-temperature performance, but they also maintain high efficiency in extreme conditions. At -10°C to -15°C, their range remains within 10% of normal conditions, preserving at least 90% of driving distance—a stark contrast to traditional LFP and NCM batteries, which drop to just 38–50% of their original range.

More importantly, their high-speed efficiency sets them apart. At 133 km/h, range loss compared to 60 km/h is less than 10%, whereas traditional lithium batteries retain only 65–75% of their range under the same conditions. This improvement significantly reduces battery pack energy demands, leading to lighter battery weight and lower EV production costs.

Key Advantages of Next-Generation Batteries

• Higher energy density & charging efficiency – Delivers the same range with a smaller, lighter battery, reducing costs and making EVs more affordable. 
• Greater resale value – Modular design lowers repair and recycling costs, enhancing used EV market appeal. 
• Adaptability across all driving conditions – Performs reliably in extreme temperatures and high-speed driving, minimizing range fluctuations and improving user confidence. 

These innovations position next-generation battery-powered EVs ahead of traditional lithium battery models, enhancing their cost efficiency, performance, and durability—key factors in driving widespread adoption.

4.Ensuring a sustainable EV ecosystem: Prioritizing the interests of all industry stakeholders

As the EV industry continues to expand, traditional lithium battery technology has reached the limits of its role. Moving forward, a sustainable and competitive industry will depend on innovative battery designs that meet the evolving needs of both manufacturers and consumers. This shift isn’t just about technological breakthroughs—it requires a comprehensive approach that balances performance, cost, and long-term ecosystem viability.

A crucial factor in this transition is enhancing battery safety, which remains a non-negotiable foundation for consumer trust and industry growth. However, the future of battery design must go beyond safety to address key challenges that affect the entire EV ecosystem. This requires integrating breakthrough technologies that reshape the industry.

Key Priorities for Future Battery Development

1.Higher Energy Density & Efficiency

Advancing battery technology to deliver greater range with smaller, lighter battery packs, improving both performance and affordability.

2.Ultra-Fast Charging

Enabling significantly reduced charge times to enhance user experience and reduce reliance on oversized battery packs.

3.Modular, Repairable Battery Systems

Enhancing battery lifespan and recyclability, which lowers long-term costs, improves resale value, and strengthens consumer confidence.

Additionally, for the EV market to thrive, each part of the value chain must benefit, ensuring a positive growth cycle:

• Automakers

Lighter, more energy-efficient batteries lower manufacturing costs, making EVs more price-competitive with ICE vehicles. This helps reduce range anxiety and boosts consumer adoption.

• Charging Infrastructure Operators

Next-gen fast-charging technology will increase station turnover and profitability, encouraging greater investment in expanding the charging network. A denser, more efficient charging network further accelerates EV adoption.

• Repair & Second-Hand Market

Modular battery designs improve maintenance efficiency, extending battery lifespan and resale value. This benefits repair shops, used car dealers, and battery recyclers, strengthening the EV ecosystem.

• Consumers & Society

When all industry stakeholders can achieve sustained profitability, EV adoption will accelerate, leading to a seamless transition from ICE to EVs. A mature, well-integrated EV ecosystem will drive both economic growth and environmental sustainability, ensuring long-term industry resilience.

The EV industry is set to follow the path of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, entering a phase of sustained growth and continuous innovation. This transformation will make an irreversible impact on global energy transition and environmental protection, driving the future of mobility toward a cleaner, more advanced era. 

The Key to Sustainable EV Growth: Innovation with Scalable Mass Production

For the EV industry to grow sustainably, integrating high-performance, mass-producible battery technology is essential. As the market expands, the next generation of battery design must incorporate key features to meet increasing demands:

1.Ultra-fast charging – Reducing wait times and improving convenience. 

2.Superior low-temperature performance – Ensuring stable range and efficiency in extreme climates. 

3.Higher energy density – Extending driving range while minimizing battery size. 

4.Enhanced heat dissipation & low resistance – Improving stability, longevity, and energy efficiency. 

5.Intrinsic and system-level safety – Guaranteeing safe operation in all environments. 

Ensuring Innovation Without Unnecessary System Constraints

The true value of next-generation battery technology lies in its ability to simplify manufacturing and application, avoiding complex system requirements that inflate costs and production challenges.

1. Avoiding Additional System Requirements

New battery designs should eliminate the need for external thermal management systems or high-pressure modules, which reduce volume and weight efficiency. For instance, solid-state polymer systems only match traditional lithium-ion conductivity at high temperatures, making them less ideal. Similarly, sulfide-, phosphide-, and oxide-based sintered systems require high pressure to maintain material integrity, complicating manufacturing and driving up costs.

2. Streamlined & Scalable Manufacturing

Next-gen batteries demand specialized production lines, rather than relying on traditional lithium battery processes. This includes new materials, electrochemical systems, structures, processes, and equipment that can be integrated efficiently. Simplified manufacturing is crucial for stabilizing production yield, improving throughput, and reducing facility costs. Unlike conventional battery plants that require large-scale dry rooms, next-gen technology can cut dry room requirements by 50–75%, lowering capital and operational expenses.

3. Lowering Material Costs Through Mass Production

As production scales up, material costs must decline rapidly to maintain economic viability. The feasibility of new materials and their cost-effectiveness will be critical to industry competitiveness and supply chain sustainability.

4. Simplified Recycling Processes

A sustainable battery ecosystem requires efficient material recovery, particularly lithium extraction from electrolytes and ceramic separators. Ideally, recycling rates should reach 50–70%, ensuring resource efficiency and making next-gen batteries as cost-effective as traditional ones in long-term lifecycle management.

Battery manufacturers face these challenges in designing high-performance, scalable, and cost-efficient solutions. ProLogium has successfully overcome these hurdles, paving the way for defect-free next-generation battery production. In the following sections, I will detail how we tackled these challenges and are shaping the future of a truly sustainable EV industry.

How Next-Generation Batteries Drive Industry Innovation

1.Understanding next-generation battery technologies

In the evolution of battery technology, next-generation batteries stand out as one of the most transformative and forward-looking innovations. As a pioneer in this field, I can clearly outline the key differences between traditional lithium-ion batteries and next-generation battery technology:

• All-Ceramic Separators Replacing Polymer Membranes

For the past 34 years, traditional lithium-ion batteries have relied on polymer-based separators (such as PP/PE) for internal insulation. However, next-generation batteries adopt an all-ceramic separator, offering:

• Superior thermal stability and higher mechanical strength, enhancing overall safety and durability. 
• Resistance to extreme conditions, significantly improving battery safety under high temperatures or short circuits. 

This breakthrough redefines industry standards, paving the way for safer large-scale battery applications in the future.

• Inorganic Electrolytes Replacing Organic Electrolytes

A major shift in electrolyte composition further distinguishes next-generation batteries. Traditional lithium-ion batteries use organic carbonate electrolytes, which pose safety risks at high temperatures. In contrast, next-gen batteries utilize fully or partially inorganic electrolytes, including oxides, sulfides, halides, nitrides, or composite variants. 

These inorganic electrolytes offer:

• Higher ionic conductivity for improved performance.
• Enhanced low-temperature efficiency, making batteries more reliable in extreme conditions.
• Increased stability and durability, meeting the market’s growing demand for high-performance, high-safety solutions.

These fundamental innovations set new benchmarks for performance and safety, establishing next-generation batteries as the foundation for the future of energy storage. As these technologies continue to advance, the EV industry is poised for a profound transformation, fostering a healthier, more sustainable supply chain and accelerating industry-wide adoption.

2.Traditional lithium-ion vs. next-generation batteries: Separator advancements

When discussing next-generation batteries, the separator system plays a pivotal role. Traditional lithium-ion batteries rely on polymer-based separators, but with technological advancements, fully ceramic separators are now being introduced.

This breakthrough not only enhances battery performance but also addresses key limitations of conventional lithium batteries. The following sections will explore three core advantages of ceramic separators and their potential impact on future battery technologies.

Three Core Advantages of All-Ceramic Separators 

1.Superior Thermal Stability (No Melting Point)
All-ceramic separators offer exceptional thermal stability, far exceeding traditional polymer membranes. With a decomposition temperature above 1000°C, ceramic materials maintain their structure even under extreme heat, ensuring consistent electronic insulation. For instance, at 300°C, all-ceramic separators remain intact, significantly enhancing battery safety. Additionally, they support an operating voltage of up to 5.0V, providing greater system stability and compatibility in high-voltage applications.

2.High Production Efficiency: Energy Density & Yield Optimization
All-ceramic separators leverage a wet-film process, a highly efficient method for large-scale manufacturing. This process produces thinner, more flexible ceramic layers, improving energy density while maintaining mechanical integrity and reducing defects like cracking. 

In contrast, the dry-film process, while structurally stable, struggles with thin-film durability, making large-scale production more challenging when balancing energy density and manufacturing efficiency. The wet process achieves higher production yield and faster scalability, meeting market demands more effectively.

3.Outstanding Mechanical Strength (No Compressible Deformation)
A key advantage of ceramic separators is their resistance to compression and deformation, which significantly enhances battery durability and safety under extreme conditions.

• Impact & Shear Resistance:
  Ceramic separators prevent electrode contact during mechanical stress, reducing the risk of short circuits and thermal runaway. This makes batteries more resilient to shocks, collisions, and wear over time.
• Fast-Charging Stability:
  During rapid charging, active materials like silicon and lithium metal expand and contract, generating high stress. Traditional separators deform under such conditions, affecting battery integrity. Ceramic separators, however, withstand internal pressure without compressing or distorting, ensuring stable performance and safety even under high-load charging cycles.

With unmatched thermal stability, production efficiency, and mechanical strength, ceramic separators establish a new standard in battery reliability. They ensure long-lasting performance across daily driving and fast-charging conditions, paving the way for safer, more efficient EV batteries.

Expanding Applications and Future Potential of All–Ceramic Separators

• Enabling High-Utilization Anode Materials
  The introduction of all-ceramic separators opens new possibilities for anode material selection, allowing for 100% silicon or lithium metal anodes. This breakthrough significantly boosts energy density, as both silicon and lithium metal store far more energy than traditional graphite anodes. By providing structural stability and ionic conductivity, ceramic separators are a key enabler for the next generation of high-performance batteries. 
• Eliminating Fast-Charging Limitations
  Fast charging is a must-have feature for EVs, yet traditional lithium batteries have long struggled with charging speed due to charge transfer limitations at room temperature. The high stability and low resistance of all-ceramic separators support silicon-based anodes, ensuring safe and efficient rapid charging without the risk of deformation or short circuits from internal stress. This advancement removes the major bottleneck of fast charging, allowing batteries to reach full capacity in minutes, dramatically enhancing the user experience for EVs and other high-power applications.

3.Traditional lithium-ion vs. next-generation batteries: Electrolyte innovations

The emergence of next-generation batteries is reshaping the industry, and among the most promising breakthroughs is fully inorganic electrolyte technology. This innovation enhances battery performance while solving many of the challenges that conventional lithium batteries cannot overcome.

Compared to organic liquid electrolytes, fully inorganic electrolytes offer superior stability, adaptability, and safety. This article explores how this revolutionary technology is set to transform the energy storage landscape, driving a fundamental shift in battery design and unlocking a new era for EVs and beyond.

Fully inorganic electrolyte technology encompasses solid-state, gel-state, and ionic liquid forms, utilizing materials such as oxides, sulfides, halides, and nitrides. These advanced materials have the potential to meet the growing demands of EVs and next-generation devices, addressing the limitations of traditional organic liquid electrolytes.

The following key characteristics define the performance, safety, and environmental advantages of fully inorganic electrolytes, making them a game-changer for future battery applications.

1. High Ionic Conductivity 

• Room-Temperature Performance: Fully inorganic electrolytes exhibit significantly higher ionic conductivity than liquid organic electrolytes at room temperature, enabling more efficient power output and improved energy efficiency for devices. 
• Low-Temperature Performance: Even in sub-zero environments (-20°C and below), these electrolytes maintain high conductivity, reducing performance degradation in extreme cold. This is crucial for EVs and devices operating in cold climates, where traditional lithium-ion batteries suffer from slow charging or failure. 

• Sulfide-based inorganic electrolytes outperform traditional liquid electrolytes in cold conditions, maintaining superior conductivity. 
• Oxide-based composite electrolytes offer performance comparable to liquid organic electrolytes at low temperatures, making them a reliable alternative, whereas polymer electrolytes generally struggle in such conditions. 

2. High Temperature Stability 

Traditional liquid organic electrolytes decompose above 200°C, releasing flammable gases, posing a serious safety risk.

• Sulfide-based inorganic electrolytes decompose at 300–400°C, offering greater thermal stability. However, they may still generate hazardous gases like H₂S, which must be considered for safety improvements.
• Oxide-based composite electrolytes, though incorporating some liquid organic components, have a decomposition temperature similar to traditional organic electrolytes and still release flammable gases under extreme heat.

These factors make thermal stability a crucial consideration in selecting and developing next-generation battery technologies.

3.  Redox Stability & Compatibility with Active Materials 

For fully inorganic electrolytes to function effectively in high-voltage cathodes and lithium-metal anodes, they must demonstrate chemical stability to prevent reactions that generate flammable gases.  However, certain inorganic electrolyte systems, such as sulfide- and oxide-based composites, still face stability challenges. Under certain conditions, they can react with active materials, producing hazardous gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), hydrogen (H₂), and carbon monoxide (CO). These emissions not only compromise battery safety but also increase the risk of thermal runaway or combustion. Therefore, improving electrolyte stability in high-energy environments is a key focus for future battery research, ensuring safe, high-performance next-generation energy storage solutions.

4. Stable Contact Between Electrolytes and Active Materials 

The interface between electrolytes and active materials plays a crucial role in battery stability and performance, especially as materials expand and contract during operation.

• Liquid organic electrolytes naturally adapt to these changes, maintaining consistent contact with active materials.
• Sulfide-based electrolytes, however, require high pressure during both manufacturing and operation to ensure stable contact.
  • Production requires thousands of atmospheres of pressure, while operational stability demands 50–100 atm.
• Oxide-based electrolytes partially mitigate this issue but still require external pressure (~3.4 atm) to prevent lithium dendrite formation and ensure a stable interface.

Current solid-state inorganic electrolyte systems have yet to fully meet all performance criteria, making technological advancements essential. Overcoming these pressure-related limitations will be key to developing more efficient and safer next-generation batteries.

ProLogium’s Breakthrough in Fourth-Generation Fully Inorganic Electrolytes

Building on traditional inorganic electrolyte technology, ProLogium’s fourth-generation fully inorganic electrolyte introduces groundbreaking advancements, overcoming key limitations of existing solid-state electrolytes and delivering significant advantages: 

1.Exceptional Ionic Conductivity 

• At room temperature, ProLogium’s fully inorganic electrolyte achieves 6× the conductivity of liquid and sulfide-based electrolytes.
• In low-temperature conditions, conductivity remains 2–3× higher, ensuring stable battery performance across various climates.

2.Unmatched Stability in High-Temperature, High-Voltage, and High-Activity
Environments

• Unlike conventional electrolytes, no flammable gases are released under extreme heat.
• At high temperatures, the electrolyte decomposes into Active Safety Mechanism (ASM) materials, which enhance stability for both anode and cathode materials.
• This breakthrough redefines battery safety standards, offering unprecedented reliability for EVs and high-performance applications.

3.No External Pressure Required for Material Contact

• The strong dipole interactions between ProLogium’s fully inorganic electrolyte and active materials maintain stable contact, even as materials expand and contract during operation.
• Unlike sulfide- or oxide-based electrolytes, no external pressure is required to improve interface stability.
• This simplifies battery manufacturing, reduces production costs, and fundamentally transforms battery technology scalability. 

Future Outlook: The Ultimate Solution with All-Ceramic Separators and Fully Inorganic Electrolytes 

ProLogium’s fourth-generation Lithium-Ceramic Battery integrates a fully inorganic electrolyte with an all-ceramic separator, marking a significant breakthrough in battery technology. This innovation enhances safety, improves operational efficiency, and achieves remarkable scalability.

As the technology advances, it will support a wider range of cathode and anode materials, catering to diverse applications—from electric vehicles to robotics. This breakthrough not only sets a new industry benchmark for energy storage but also drives technological progress, unlocking new application opportunities and shaping the future of electric mobility and energy storage worldwide.

Technological Progress and Cost Challenges of Next-Gen Batteries

1.The ultimate next-generation battery system: ProLogium’s Lithium Ceramic Battery – Technology Insights

With rising global energy demands, the development of more efficient and safer battery systems has become a key focus for future technology. ProLogium’s Lithium-Ceramic Battery stands out as one of the most forward-thinking and competitive next-generation battery technologies.

Later, I will share groundbreaking innovations in ProLogium’s Lithium-Ceramic Battery technology, highlighting its advancements in energy density, fast charging, and safety—ushering in a new era for battery technology.

Third-Generation Technology: Composite Inorganic Electrolyte + All-Ceramic Separator

ProLogium’s third-generation innovation integrates an oxide-based composite inorganic electrolyte (with organic content below 10%) and an all-ceramic separator produced via a wet-film process. This combination delivers outstanding performance, setting new benchmarks for battery technology. 

• High Energy Density & Ultra-Fast Charging 

The all-ceramic separator design enables the use of a 100% silicon (Si) anode, significantly enhancing battery performance, particularly in charging speed.

For single-cell design (launching December 2024), the battery achieves an impressive volumetric energy density (E.D.) of 810Wh/L and a specific energy (S.E.) of 359Wh/kg, allowing for exceptional energy storage in a compact form. Its fast-charging capability is equally remarkable—60% charge in just 5 minutes and 80% in 8–8.5 minutes, drastically reducing charging time and improving user convenience.

Beyond the single-cell model, ProLogium’s upcoming bicell design (expected March 2025) will push performance even further, reaching 860Wh/L (E.D.) and 365Wh/kg (S.E.). This advancement enhances both energy storage and fast-charging efficiency, while extending battery lifespan—meeting the growing demands for high-performance energy solutions.

• Superior Fast Charging & Long Cycle Life 

ProLogium’s Lithium-Ceramic Battery excels in both fast-charging performance and charging cycle lifespan, enabling rapid energy replenishment in minimal time.

Test results show that under 5C charging conditions (five times the standard charging speed), the SN08 series achieves over 86% efficiency, while the SN09 series surpasses 87.9% efficiency—a game-changer for EV owners and applications requiring ultra-fast charging.

Charging performance is equally impressive:

• 5% to 60% charge in just 5 minutes
• 5% to 80% charge in only 8.5 minutes

These capabilities ensure maximum convenience for users needing quick energy boosts. Additionally, durability tests confirm that when charging from 10% to 80%, the battery maintains a lifespan of over 1,000 cycles, proving its long-term reliability and reducing the need for frequent replacements.

Fourth-Generation Technology: Fully Inorganic Electrolyte + All-Ceramic Separator 

Building on the advancements of the third generation, ProLogium’s fourth-generation technology further enhances battery performance. By integrating a fully inorganic electrolyte with an all-ceramic separator produced using wet-film processing, this innovation introduces groundbreaking improvements: 

• High Energy Density & Ultra-Fast Charging 

The adoption of a fully inorganic electrolyte is a key breakthrough, offering six times the room-temperature conductivity of liquid electrolytes. Additionally, it enables a thick-film design, which increases energy density while maintaining high operational efficiency. By accommodating more active materials, this design significantly enhances energy storage capacity. 

This technology also delivers remarkable advancements in anode materials:

• Silicon-based anodes (Si composite material) combined with a fully inorganic electrolyte achieve a volumetric energy density of 860–900Wh/L and a specific energy of 360–380Wh/kg, optimizing energy storage in both volume and weight for high-performance applications.
• Lithium metal anodes (Li metal) push performance even further, reaching a volumetric energy density of 950–1100Wh/L and a specific energy of 420–470Wh/kg.

Fast-charging performance and cycle life are equally impressive:

• 5% to 60% charge in just 4 minutes
• 5% to 80% charge in only 6.4 minutes

Durability tests confirm outstanding longevity—after 1,200+ fast-charging cycles from 10% to 80% SOC, the battery maintains stable performance, demonstrating exceptional reliability for long-term use.

• Exceptional Low-temperature Discharge Performance 

This technology excels not only in high-temperature conditions but also in extreme cold. At -20°C, the battery’s conductivity is 2–3 times higher than that of liquid electrolytes at room temperature, ensuring superior low-temperature performance.

• Moreover, between -10°C and -15°C, the battery maintains over 95% of its room-temperature driving range, whereas conventional liquid lithium batteries only deliver 38–50% of their original range.
• Even at an extreme -40°C, the battery maintains stable operation, proving its reliability across diverse environments.

• Stable Performance at High Speeds 

The combination of a high-conductivity inorganic electrolyte and an all-ceramic separator with three times the thermal conductivity of liquid batteries ensures stability even under high-speed driving conditions.

At 133 km/h, the battery’s driving range is within 10% of that at 60 km/h, whereas traditional liquid lithium batteries show a 25–35% reduction. This ensures consistent performance even under heavy load conditions.

• Uncompromising Safety 

ProLogium’s fourth-generation Lithium-Ceramic Battery undergoes rigorous safety testing to ensure reliability under extreme conditions:
Thermal Stability: 

• Thermal Propagation Test: Withstands 300–500°C without ignition.
• Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) Test: No thermal runaway even at 300°C.
• Oven Test (300°C): Minimal gas release, slight expansion, fully compliant with HL3 safety standards.

Overcharge Stability: 

• At 5C/20V, even when overcharged to 250%, there is no swelling or gas release, meeting HL2 safety standards and ensuring safe usage.

Through the innovative combination of all-ceramic separators and inorganic electrolytes, ProLogium’s third- and fourth-generation Lithium-Ceramic Battery technologies achieve comprehensive advancements in energy density, fast charging, low-temperature performance, and safety. As these technologies mature, they will serve as a cornerstone for industry progress, driving innovation in EVs, smart devices, and high-performance applications.

2.Cost efficiency in next-generation battery systems: ProLogium’s Fourth-Generation Lithium Ceramic Battery – Cost Analysis

Next-generation batteries hold immense potential in performance, but multi-layer technology still faces significant cost barriers, delaying large-scale commercialization. This section explores the cost challenges of mainstream next-gen battery technologies and how ProLogium’s fourth-generation Lithium-Ceramic Battery offers a path to cost reduction, redefining affordability in the industry. 

Cost Barriers in Mainstream Next-Generation Batteries 

While sulfide-based inorganic electrolytes and oxide composite electrolytes offer advantages in energy density and lifespan, they struggle with high costs and several key bottlenecks: 

1.High Material Costs 

• Sulfide Electrolytes (e.g., LGPS): These materials are complex to produce, particularly lithium sulfide (L₂S), which suffers from poor stability and costs up to $500 USD/kg. Even with scaled production, cost reductions remain limited, hindering mass adoption.
• Oxide Electrolytes (e.g., LLZO): The presence of rare elements like zirconium (Zr) and lanthanum (La) drives costs to around $200 USD/kg, with limited scalability for price reduction. 

2.High Pressure Requirements Increase Costs

• Sulfide electrolytes require external pressure to address contact resistance between the electrolyte and active materials, particularly for high-energy-density anodes like silicon and lithium metal.
• As these materials expand during charge and discharge, high-strength compression molds are necessary, complicating manufacturing and raising production costs.

3.Low Manufacturing Costs

• Sulfide electrolytes must be processed under extreme pressures (thousands of atmospheres), and current technology has yet to achieve roll-to-roll production, relying instead on inefficient batch-mode manufacturing.
• Dry room requirements are four times larger than those for liquid electrolyte batteries, adding significant capital and maintenance costs for equipment and facilities.

These barriers make mainstream next-gen batteries difficult to commercialize, highlighting the need for cost-effective alternatives like ProLogium’s fourth-generation technology.

Cost Advantages of ProLogium’s Fourth-Generation Lithium-Ceramic Battery 

To overcome the cost challenges faced by next-generation batteries, ProLogium’s fourth-generation technology, based on a fully inorganic electrolyte and all-ceramic separator, not only delivers technical breakthroughs but also offers strong cost advantages in the following areas: 

1.Significant Reduction in Material Costs (BOM) 

• With scaled production, the material cost of the fully inorganic electrolyte system is only 2–3 times that of liquid batteries, making it more cost-competitive than sulfide- and oxide-based alternatives.
• High stability and recyclability: When the recycling rate reaches 50–60%, the post-recycling cost becomes comparable to traditional organic electrolytes, meaning that with efficient recycling, the overall cost can match existing battery technologies.
• Supports 100% silicon-based anodes (SCM), offering a lower cost per unit of energy (USD/kWh) compared to graphite anodes, further enhancing its cost-reduction potential.

2.Optimized Manufacturing Costs

• Compared to traditional polymer separators, ProLogium’s all-ceramic separator features a simplified production process and requires only 25–30% of the dry room space needed for liquid batteries, significantly reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs.
• As manufacturing technology continues to improve—particularly in achieving ultra-high energy density and thick-film designs—it is projected that at 8–12 GWh production scale, manufacturing costs will match or even fall below those of traditional liquid NCM batteries, further strengthening its market competitiveness.

A Game-Changer for Next-Generation Batteries

ProLogium’s fourth-generation Lithium-Ceramic Battery, driven by fully inorganic electrolyte technology and an all-ceramic separator, delivers groundbreaking performance while maintaining a strong cost advantage.

This innovation will accelerate the adoption of EVs and other high-performance applications, ushering in a transformative shift in the next-generation battery market. As ProLogium advances its technology, the industry will move beyond just increasing energy density—paving the way for a new era of cost-effective and scalable battery solutions.